portless

Replace port numbers with stable, named .localhost URLs. For humans and agents.

Why portless

• Port conflicts: EADDRINUSE when two projects default to the same port
• Memorizing ports: which app is on 3001 vs 8080?
• Refreshing shows the wrong app: stop one server, start another on the same port, stale tab shows wrong content
• Monorepo multiplier: every problem scales with each service in the repo
• Agents test the wrong port: AI agents guess or hardcode the wrong port
• Cookie/storage clashes: cookies on localhost bleed across apps; localStorage lost when ports shift
• Hardcoded ports in config: CORS allowlists, OAuth redirects, .env files break when ports change
• Sharing URLs with teammates: "what port is that on?" becomes a Slack question
• Browser history is useless: localhost:3000 history is a mix of unrelated projects

Installation

Install globally (recommended) or as a project dev dependency. Do NOT use npx or pnpm dlx for one-off execution.

# Global (available everywhere)
npm install -g portless

# Or per-project dev dependency
npm install -D portless

When installed per-project, invoke via package.json scripts or npx portless (since the package is local, npx will not download anything).

Quick Start

# Install globally (or add -D to a project)
npm install -g portless

# Run your app (auto-starts the HTTPS proxy on port 443)
portless run next dev
# -> https://<project>.localhost

# Or with an explicit name
portless myapp next dev
# -> https://myapp.localhost

The proxy auto-starts when you run an app. You can also start it explicitly with portless proxy start. Auto-start reuses the configuration (port, TLS, TLDs) from the most recent proxy run, so a restart or reboot does not silently revert to defaults. Explicit env vars always take priority.

In non-interactive environments (no TTY, or CI=1), portless exits with a descriptive error instead of prompting. Task runners like turborepo should pre-start the proxy.

Integration Patterns

Zero-config (recommended)

Bare portless works out of the box. It runs the "dev" script from package.json through the proxy, inferring the app name from the package name, git root, or directory:

portless        # -> runs "dev" script, https://<project>.localhost
pnpm dev        # -> works without portless, plain "next dev"

Use an optional portless.json to override defaults (name, script, port):

{ "name": "myapp" }

portless        # -> runs "dev" script, https://myapp.localhost

Monorepo

One portless.json at the repo root. Portless discovers packages from pnpm-workspace.yaml, or the "workspaces" field in package.json (npm, yarn, bun):

{
  "apps": {
    "apps/web": { "name": "myapp" },
    "apps/api": { "name": "api.myapp" }
  }
}

portless                  # from repo root: start all packages with a "dev" script
cd apps/web && portless   # start just one package
portless --script start   # run "start" instead of "dev"

The apps map is optional and only provides name overrides. Unlisted packages auto-discover with inferred names.

Without an apps map, hostnames follow <package>.<project>.localhost. The project name comes from the most common npm scope (e.g. @myorg/web and @myorg/api produce myorg), falling back to the workspace root directory name. If a package's short name matches the project name, it uses the bare <project>.localhost.

Turborepo

For turborepo projects, use portless as the dev script with the real command in a separate script:

{
  "scripts": { "dev": "portless", "dev:app": "next dev" },
  "portless": { "name": "myapp", "script": "dev:app" }
}

pnpm dev runs turbo, which runs portless in each package. Portless detects the package manager and runs pnpm run dev:app through the proxy.

package.json scripts

You can still use portless directly in scripts:

{
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "portless run next dev"
  }
}

The proxy auto-starts when you run an app. Or start it explicitly: portless proxy start.

Multi-app setups with subdomains

portless myapp next dev          # https://myapp.localhost
portless api.myapp pnpm start    # https://api.myapp.localhost
portless docs.myapp next dev     # https://docs.myapp.localhost

By default, only explicitly registered subdomains are routed (strict mode). Start the proxy with --wildcard to allow any subdomain of a registered route to fall back to that app (e.g. tenant1.myapp.localhost routes to the myapp app). Exact matches always take priority over wildcards.

Git worktrees

portless run automatically detects git worktrees. In a linked worktree, the branch name is prepended as a subdomain prefix so each worktree gets a unique URL:

# Main worktree (no prefix)
portless run next dev   # -> https://myapp.localhost

# Linked worktree on branch "fix-ui"
portless run next dev   # -> https://fix-ui.myapp.localhost

No config changes needed. Put portless run in package.json once and it works in all worktrees.

Bypassing portless

Set PORTLESS=0 to run the command directly without the proxy:

PORTLESS=0 pnpm dev   # Bypasses proxy, uses default port

When a proxied command is stopped with Ctrl+C, portless waits for its process tree to exit. A second Ctrl+C forwards another interrupt, and remaining descendants are terminated after a short grace period.

How It Works

1. portless proxy start starts an HTTPS reverse proxy on port 443 as a background daemon. Auto-elevates with sudo on macOS/Linux; falls back to port 1355 if sudo is unavailable. Use --no-tls for plain HTTP on port 80. Configurable with -p / --port or the PORTLESS_PORT env var. The proxy also auto-starts when you run an app.
2. portless <name> <cmd> assigns a random free port (4000-4999) via the PORT env var and registers the app with the proxy
3. The browser hits https://<name>.localhost; the proxy forwards to the app's assigned port

Outside LAN mode, the proxy and its HTTP redirect listener bind only to the IPv4 and IPv6 loopback addresses, 127.0.0.1 and ::1. They do not accept connections through LAN, VPN, or other network interfaces.

.localhost domains resolve to 127.0.0.1 natively in Chrome, Firefox, and Edge. Safari relies on the system DNS resolver, which may not handle .localhost subdomains on all configurations. Run portless hosts sync to add entries to /etc/hosts if needed.

Use portless proxy start --tld localhost --tld test to serve the same app names under multiple TLDs from one proxy. PORTLESS_URL uses the first configured TLD. When configured TLDs overlap (e.g. example.com and dev.example.com), hostnames are matched against the longest TLD first, regardless of configuration order. PORTLESS_TLD accepts the same comma separated list format, e.g. PORTLESS_TLD=localhost,test.

TLDs can be multi-segment DNS names such as dev.example.com, so local URLs can mirror production structure (myapp.dev.example.com). Each label follows DNS rules: lowercase letters, digits, interior hyphens, 63 characters per label, 253 total. Strict OAuth providers that reject .localhost redirect URIs accept a real domain like https://myapp.dev.example.com/api/auth/callback/google.

Most frameworks (Next.js, Express, Nuxt, etc.) respect the PORT env var automatically. For frameworks that ignore PORT (Vite, VitePlus, Astro, React Router, Angular, Expo, React Native), portless auto-injects the correct --port flag and, when needed, a matching --host CLI flag. Injection reaches through a package script whose command starts with the framework or a known runner ("dev": "vite", "dev": "bunx vite"). Only the framework's server commands get the flags (dev, serve, preview, start, a bare vite, or vite [root]); a command that does not serve, such as vite build, vite optimize, vp test or astro check, rejects them and is left alone. Expo connection modes (--localhost, --lan, --tunnel) are preserved while the assigned port is still injected. A script portless cannot classify is left alone too: a flag before the subcommand on a CLI whose flag grammar it does not track (vp --mode dev build). Portless also leaves a script alone when appending flags to it would not work: a compound command (&&, |, ;), a trailing # comment, its own -- option terminator, an env prefix (NODE_ENV=production vite), delegation to another script ("dev": "npm run dev:vite"), or runner flags before the script name (bun run --bun dev). Those keep their own port, so set it in the script yourself.

State directory

Portless stores its state (routes, PID file, port file) in ~/.portless. When the proxy runs under sudo, this remains the invoking user's home directory so unprivileged apps and the proxy share route registrations. Override with the PORTLESS_STATE_DIR environment variable.

Environment variables

HTTP/2 + HTTPS

HTTPS with HTTP/2 is enabled by default (faster page loads for dev servers with many files). WebSockets work over both HTTP/1.1 (Upgrade) and HTTP/2 (RFC 8441 extended CONNECT), so dev server HMR works through the proxy. First run generates a local CA and adds it to the system trust store. After that, no prompts and no browser warnings.

portless proxy start --cert ./c.pem --key ./k.pem  # Use custom certs
portless proxy start --no-tls                       # Disable HTTPS (plain HTTP)
portless trust                                      # Add CA to trust store later

On Linux, portless trust supports Debian/Ubuntu, Arch, Fedora/RHEL/CentOS, and openSUSE (via update-ca-certificates or update-ca-trust). On Windows, it uses certutil to add the CA to the system trust store. On WSL, it updates both the Linux trust store and the Windows current-user Root store so Windows browsers trust portless HTTPS certificates.

LAN mode

portless proxy start --lan
portless proxy start --lan --https
portless proxy start --lan --ip 192.168.1.42

--lan explicitly binds the proxy to the IPv4 and IPv6 unspecified addresses, 0.0.0.0 and ::, and advertises <name>.local hostnames over mDNS so devices on the same Wi-Fi can reach your apps. Portless auto-detects your LAN IP and follows network changes automatically, but you can pin a specific address with --ip <address> or the PORTLESS_LAN_IP environment variable. Set PORTLESS_LAN=1 to default to LAN mode every time the proxy starts.

Portless remembers LAN mode via proxy.lan, so if you stop a LAN proxy and start again, it stays in LAN mode. All proxy settings (port, TLS, TLDs, LAN) are persisted and reused on auto-start unless overridden by explicit flags or env vars. Use PORTLESS_LAN=0 for one start to switch back to .localhost mode. If a proxy is already running with different explicit LAN/TLS/TLD settings, portless warns and asks you to stop it first.

LAN mode depends on the system mDNS helpers that portless launches: macOS includes dns-sd, while Linux uses avahi-publish-address from avahi-utils (install via sudo apt install avahi-utils or your distro’s tooling).

• Next.js: add your .local hostnames to allowedDevOrigins:

  // next.config.js
  module.exports = {
    allowedDevOrigins: ["myapp.local", "*.myapp.local"],
  };
  

• Expo / React Native: portless always injects --port. React Native also gets --host 127.0.0.1. Expo gets --host localhost outside LAN mode, but in LAN mode portless leaves Metro on its default LAN host behavior instead of forcing --host or HOST.

Tailscale sharing

Share dev servers with teammates on your Tailscale network using --tailscale, or expose to the public internet with --funnel:

portless myapp --tailscale next dev
# -> https://myapp.localhost           (local)
# -> https://devbox.yourteam.ts.net    (tailnet)

portless myapp --funnel next dev
# -> https://myapp.localhost           (local)
# -> https://devbox.yourteam.ts.net    (public internet)

Tailscale HTTPS certificates must be enabled before --tailscale or --funnel can register HTTPS URLs. Funnel must also be enabled for the tailnet and node before --funnel can register the public URL. If either setting is missing, portless exits before starting the child process.

Each --tailscale app is root-mounted on its own Tailscale HTTPS port (443, then 8443, 8444, etc.) so no framework basePath configuration is needed. Set PORTLESS_TAILSCALE=1 to share every app by default. portless list shows both local and tailnet URLs. Tailscale serve registrations are cleaned up when the app exits. Requires tailscale CLI installed and connected, with Tailscale HTTPS certificates enabled.

ngrok sharing

Expose a dev server to the public internet with ngrok using --ngrok:

portless myapp --ngrok next dev
# -> https://myapp.localhost           (local)
# -> https://abc123.ngrok.app          (public internet)

Set PORTLESS_NGROK=1 to enable ngrok by default when portless runs an app. portless list shows both local and ngrok URLs. The ngrok tunnel is cleaned up when the app exits. Requires the ngrok CLI to be installed and authenticated with ngrok config add-authtoken <token>.

OS startup service

Use the service command when users want the proxy to start automatically after reboot:

portless service install
portless service install --lan
portless service install --wildcard
PORTLESS_STATE_DIR=~/.portless-lan PORTLESS_LAN=1 portless service install
portless service status
portless service uninstall

The service uses portless defaults unless install options or PORTLESS_* environment variables are provided: HTTPS on port 443 with .localhost names. service install accepts proxy options including --port, --no-tls, --lan, --ip, --tld, --wildcard, --cert, and --key. Use --state-dir <path> or PORTLESS_STATE_DIR=<path> to choose where service state and logs are written.

The chosen service configuration is written into launchd, systemd, or Task Scheduler and reused after reboot. portless service status reports the installed port, HTTPS mode, TLDs, LAN mode, wildcard mode, and state directory. macOS and Linux install a root-owned service so port 443 can bind at boot. Windows installs a Task Scheduler startup task that runs as SYSTEM. Installation and removal may require administrator privileges. portless clean automatically removes the service.

CLI Reference

Reserved names: run, get, alias, hosts, list, doctor, trust, clean, prune, proxy, and service are subcommands and cannot be used as app names directly. Use portless run <cmd> to infer the name, or portless --name <name> <cmd> to force any name including reserved ones.

portless.json

Optional config file. Portless looks for it in the current directory.

Each apps entry has the same shape (name, script, appPort, proxy). When apps is present, top-level fields apply only in single-app mode.

package.json "portless" key

Instead of a separate portless.json, you can add a "portless" key to your package.json. A string value is shorthand for setting the name:

{ "portless": "myapp" }

An object supports all per-app fields (name, script, appPort, proxy):

{ "portless": { "name": "myapp", "script": "dev:app" } }

Precedence (closest wins): CLI flags > package.json "portless" key > portless.json app entry > defaults.

Troubleshooting

Run diagnostics

Use portless doctor first when local routing or HTTPS behavior looks wrong. It is read-only and checks Node.js, state directory permissions, proxy liveness, route entries, hostname resolution, local CA trust, and LAN mode prerequisites.

Proxy not running

The proxy auto-starts when you run an app with portless <name> <cmd>. If it doesn't start (e.g. port conflict), start it manually:

portless proxy start

Port already in use

Another process is bound to the proxy port. Either stop it first, or use a different port:

portless proxy start -p 8080

Framework not respecting PORT

Portless auto-injects the right --port flag and, when needed, a matching --host flag for frameworks that ignore the PORT env var: Vite, VitePlus (vp), Astro, React Router, Angular, Expo, and React Native. SvelteKit uses Vite internally and is handled automatically. Injection reaches through a package script whose command starts with the framework or a known runner, and only for the framework's server commands (dev, serve, preview, start, or a bare vite) — vite build, vite optimize, vp test and other non-serving commands reject the flags, so they are left untouched, as is any invocation portless cannot classify (vp --mode dev build). It is also skipped for a compound command (&&, |, ;), a trailing # comment, its own -- option terminator, an env prefix (NODE_ENV=production vite), delegation to another script, and runner flags before the script name (bun run --bun dev) — each of those keeps its own port and the app returns 502, so set the port in the script yourself.

For other frameworks that don't read PORT, pass the port manually:

• Webpack Dev Server: use --port $PORT
• Custom servers: read process.env.PORT and listen on it

Permission errors

The default ports (80 for HTTP, 443 for HTTPS) require sudo on macOS and Linux. Portless auto-elevates with sudo when needed. If sudo is unavailable, it falls back to port 1355 (no sudo needed). On Windows, no elevation is required.

portless proxy start --https           # Auto-elevates with sudo for port 443
portless proxy start -p 1355 --https   # No sudo needed (URLs include :1355)
portless proxy stop                    # Stop (use sudo if started with sudo)

Safari can't find .localhost URLs

Safari relies on the system DNS resolver for .localhost subdomains, which may not resolve them on all macOS configurations. Chrome, Firefox, and Edge have built-in handling.

Fix:

portless hosts sync    # Adds current routes to /etc/hosts
portless hosts clean   # Remove entries later

Auto-syncs /etc/hosts for route hostnames by default. Set PORTLESS_SYNC_HOSTS=0 to disable. If a route hostname will not resolve, the command that registered it warns and points you to portless hosts sync.

Browser shows certificate warning with --https

The local CA may not be trusted yet. Run:

portless trust

This adds the portless local CA to your system trust store. After that, restart the browser.

Remove portless from the machine

portless clean

Stops the proxy if needed, removes the portless CA from the trust store (when portless added it), deletes known files under state directories, and removes the portless /etc/hosts block. May require sudo on macOS/Linux. If trust-store removal fails, portless retains its CA certificate and key so a later portless clean can safely retry.

Proxy loop (508 Loop Detected)

If your dev server proxies requests to another portless app (e.g. Vite proxying /api to api.myapp.localhost), the proxy must rewrite the Host header. Without this, portless routes the request back to the original app, creating an infinite loop.

Fix: set changeOrigin: true in the proxy config (Vite, webpack-dev-server, etc.):

// vite.config.ts
proxy: {
  "/api": {
    target: "https://api.myapp.localhost",
    changeOrigin: true,
    ws: true,
  },
}

Portless automatically sets NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS in child processes so Node.js trusts the portless CA. If you run a separate Node.js process outside portless, point it at the CA manually: NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS=~/.portless/ca.pem. Alternatively, use --no-tls for plain HTTP.

Tailscale not working

If --tailscale or --funnel fails:

tailscale status     # Check if connected
tailscale up         # Connect to your tailnet

Requires the Tailscale CLI to be installed (https://tailscale.com/download) and on PATH.

ngrok not working

If --ngrok fails:

ngrok version                         # Check if installed
ngrok config add-authtoken <token>    # Configure authentication

Requires the ngrok CLI to be installed (https://ngrok.com/download) and on PATH.

Requirements

• Node.js 24+
• macOS, Linux, or Windows
• openssl (for --https cert generation; ships with macOS and most Linux distributions; on Windows, install via winget install -e --id ShiningLight.OpenSSL.Dev or use the copy bundled with Git for Windows)
• tailscale CLI (optional, for --tailscale and --funnel)
• ngrok CLI (optional, for --ngrok)