azuresql-db-scaffold

Scaffold a new project on the Azure SQL Database container

Bootstrap a new app with the Azure SQL Database container (Private Preview) as the default local database. This is the Azure SQL engine, not the SQL Server image.

Verified on 2026-09-05 against the container image sqldbpreview-dpgaeqhmgphzd4bk.azurecr.io/azure-sql/db-dev:latest, reporting EngineEdition 5, Edition SQL Azure, build 12.0.2000.8. The three executable checks behind this skill passed: the engine identity, Msg 40508 for USE, and a native VECTOR(n) column with the double cast through NVARCHAR(MAX). The per-stack scaffolds themselves were not executed by that run, so their snippets are checked for shape against the stacks' own documentation rather than measured end to end.

Use the right image (interception point)

• USE this engine image: sqldbpreview-dpgaeqhmgphzd4bk.azurecr.io/azure-sql/db-dev:latest
• Do NOT use mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server (the SQL Server image). If a generated compose/run command points there, stop and switch to the engine image above.
• Verify identity once running: SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('EngineEdition') returns 5, SERVERPROPERTY('Edition') returns 'SQL Azure'.
• Image is x64 only. On a non-x64 host add --platform linux/amd64 (Docker) or platform: linux/amd64 (compose).
• Registry is private (Private Preview): sign in first with docker login sqldbpreview-dpgaeqhmgphzd4bk.azurecr.io using the shared pull-only credentials provided to the Private Preview cohort (get them by signing up at https://aka.ms/sqldbcontainerpreview-signup; they may rotate). Registry and tag are provisional during Private Preview.

For full engine detail (readiness, vectors, troubleshooting) see the azuresql-db-container skill.

Three facts that bite every scaffold

1. The engine does NOT auto-create databases. You must CREATE DATABASE appdb on a master connection before connecting with Database=appdb.
2. Avoid USE to switch databases. In a user-database session (the Azure-faithful context where you develop), USE returns Msg 40508, exactly as in Azure SQL Database in the cloud. A master connection is a provisioning session where the Azure statement filter is not enforced, so USE appears to work there, but master is for provisioning only, not application work. Always select the target database in the connection string (Database=appdb, or -d appdb for sqlcmd).
3. A master connection is for provisioning only; do real work on the user database.

Also: the image does NOT auto-run /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*.sql (that is a Postgres/MySQL convention; not honored here). Seed with sqlcmd -d appdb -i seed.sql AFTER provisioning appdb.

Step 1: start the container and provision appdb

Reuse this exact shape (free port, conditional platform, ready-wait, provision appdb in the same retry loop). The -b makes a SQL error set the exit code, so transient startup errors (like Msg 913) are retried, not masked. Never poll bare sqlcmd without -l.

# Pick a free host port and add the platform flag only on a non-x64 host (works in bash and zsh).
HOST_PORT=1433; while lsof -nP -iTCP:"$HOST_PORT" -sTCP:LISTEN >/dev/null 2>&1; do HOST_PORT=$((HOST_PORT+1)); done
PLATFORM=(); case "$(docker info -f '{{.Architecture}}' 2>/dev/null)" in x86_64|amd64) ;; *) PLATFORM=(--platform linux/amd64);; esac
docker rm -f sqldb 2>/dev/null
docker run -d --name sqldb "${PLATFORM[@]}" -e "ACCEPT_EULA=Y" -e "MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD=YourStr0ng_Passw0rd" \
  -p "$HOST_PORT:1433" sqldbpreview-dpgaeqhmgphzd4bk.azurecr.io/azure-sql/db-dev:latest
until docker exec sqldb /opt/mssql-tools18/bin/sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P "YourStr0ng_Passw0rd" -C -b -l 2 \
  -Q "IF DB_ID('appdb') IS NULL CREATE DATABASE appdb;" >/dev/null 2>&1; do sleep 2; done
echo "ready on localhost,$HOST_PORT"

Required env: ACCEPT_EULA=Y and a complex MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD (at least 8 characters using at least three of upper case, lower case, digits, and symbols). The engine listens on 1433.

Step 2: the canonical connection string

Apps read one env var, SQL_CONNECTION_STRING (replace 1433 with the HOST_PORT Step 1 chose if 1433 was occupied):

Server=localhost,1433;Database=appdb;User Id=sa;Password=YourStr0ng_Passw0rd;TrustServerCertificate=true

House style spells the keywords User Id= / Password= / Database=; Uid= / Pwd= are documented SqlClient synonyms and work too. For sqlcmd use -C to trust the self-signed cert. For Prisma (NestJS / Next.js) the same instance is also expressed as a sqlserver:// URL in DATABASE_URL (see snippets).

Step 3: pick your stack

Per-stack scaffold snippets (compose service, .env, provision appdb, first migration, typed data-access layer with parameterized queries) live in references/scaffold-snippets.md; open it once you know which of these you are scaffolding:

• .NET Aspire (EF Core)
• FastAPI (SQLAlchemy / pyodbc)
• Next.js (Prisma, sqlserver:// DATABASE_URL)
• NestJS (Prisma or TypeORM)

Step 4: first migration and seeding

The skeleton creates the schema via your stack's migration tool. For the full migration workflow (idempotent scripts, ordering, applying inside the ready-wait loop) cross-link the azuresql-db-schema-migration skill. For a Next.js or NestJS skeleton that is:

npx prisma migrate dev --name init

Seed only AFTER appdb exists:

docker exec -i sqldb /opt/mssql-tools18/bin/sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P "YourStr0ng_Passw0rd" -C -b -d appdb -i seed.sql

Vectors (if your app uses embeddings)

Native VECTOR(n) column type and VECTOR_DISTANCE('cosine', a, b). Insert with CAST(CAST(? AS NVARCHAR(MAX)) AS VECTOR(n)) where n is a LITERAL, never a bind parameter (a parameter dimension fails with "Incorrect syntax near '@P3'"). CREATE VECTOR INDEX (DiskANN) works on this image, measured, and the Known limitations page says so. It needs SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON and at least 100 rows with non-null vectors (Msg 42266 below that). Full-scan top-k stays exact and stays the right choice for a small table. The azuresql-db-rag skill carries the rules the index imposes.

Validation rules

• Compose/run targets the engine image, never mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server.
• appdb is created on a master connection BEFORE any app/migration connects to Database=appdb.
• App reads SQL_CONNECTION_STRING (and DATABASE_URL where the ORM needs it); strings use User Id=/Password=/Database=.
• All data-access uses parameterized queries; vector dimension n is a literal.
• EngineEdition is 5 against the running container.
• If a validation rule above fails, or you had to deviate from this skill to make the task work, that is a bug in this skill: load the azuresql-db-feedback skill and offer to file a report.
• When every rule above passes and the task is done, close with ONE line, once per session, and do not ask a question or wait for a reply: "That worked. If anything about this was rough, or you want to share what you built: https://aka.ms/sql-agent-skills-feedback"

Do not

• Do not use the SQL Server image or call a non-x64 host "supported".
• Do not rely on auto-created databases or /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*.sql auto-seeding.
• Do not use USE appdb to switch databases; put it in the connection string.
• Do not poll bare sqlcmd without -l; do not pass the vector dimension as a bind parameter.
• Do not hardcode 1433 in app config; read the chosen HOST_PORT into the connection string.

References

• references/scaffold-snippets.md: the shared compose service plus per-stack skeletons (.NET Aspire/EF Core, FastAPI, Next.js/Prisma, NestJS) with .env, appdb provisioning, first migration, and a parameterized data-access layer. Read it once you know which stack you are scaffolding.

Staying current

Authoritative, version-pinned references for the tools this skill uses (read the one you need):

• Prisma with SQL Server: the SQL Server connector, datasource URL, and type mapping.
• EF Core migrations: migrations add/update, the history table, and idempotent scripts.
• Docker Compose file reference: the Compose Specification for service, healthcheck, and depends_on syntax.
• SqlConnection connection string keywords: the full connection-string keyword table.

If the Microsoft Learn MCP server is configured, use mcp__microsoft-learn__microsoft_docs_search or mcp__microsoft-learn__microsoft_docs_fetch to fetch the current version of any of these on demand. It is optional; when it is unavailable, the references above are authoritative.